Blepharitis

Blepharitis is characterized by the inflammation of the eyelid margins, where the eyelashes grow. It can affect both the upper and lower eyelids and is often a chronic condition. The inflammation can result from various factors, including bacterial infections, skin conditions, or dysfunction of the oil glands in the eyelids.

There are two main types of blepharitis:

• Anterior Blepharitis: Affects the outside front edge of the eyelid, where the eyelashes attach. It is often associated with bacterial infections or skin conditions like seborrheic dermatitis.

• Posterior Blepharitis: Affects the inner edge of the eyelid, where it contacts the eye. This type is commonly linked to dysfunction of the meibomian glands, which secrete oils that form part of the tear film.

Causes of Blepharitis

Several factors can contribute to the development of blepharitis:

• Bacterial Infection: The presence of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, can lead to anterior blepharitis.
• Seborrheic Dermatitis: A skin condition that causes dandruff and oily, flaky skin, which can affect the eyelids.
• Rosacea: A skin disorder that causes redness and swelling, often affecting the face and eyes.
• Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Blockage or abnormal secretion of the oil glands in the eyelids, leading to posterior blepharitis.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to eye makeup, contact lens solutions, or environmental factors can trigger blepharitis.
• Lid Margin Irregularities: Conditions like ectropion or entropion, where the eyelid margins are turned outward or inward, can contribute to blepharitis.

Symptoms of Blepharitis

Blepharitis symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Red, Swollen Eyelids: Inflammation and redness along the eyelid margins.
• Itchy Eyelids: Persistent itching and irritation around the eyes.
• Burning Sensation: A burning or stinging feeling in the eyes.
• Crusting and Flaking: Crusty or flaky skin on the eyelids, particularly upon waking.
• Gritty Sensation: A feeling of having sand or grit in the eyes.
• Tearing: Watery eyes due to irritation or an imbalance in the tear film.
• Dry Eyes: Reduced tear production or poor-quality tears can lead to dryness.
• Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to bright lights.