Cataracts

Cataracts occur when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque. This cloudiness prevents light from passing through clearly to the retina, leading to blurred or dimmed vision. Cataracts develop gradually, and the symptoms may worsen over time, making it difficult to perform daily activities and affecting overall vision quality.

Symptoms of Cataracts

Common symptoms of cataracts include:

• Blurry or Cloudy Vision: Objects may appear fuzzy, hazy, or out of focus.
• Difficulty Seeing at Night: Increased difficulty with night vision and sensitivity to glare from headlights or streetlights.
• Fading Colors: Colors may appear less vibrant or yellowed.
• Double Vision: Seeing multiple images or halos around lights.
• Frequent Changes in Prescription: A need for frequent updates to eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions.

Causes and Risk Factors

Cataracts can develop due to various factors, including:

• Aging: The most common cause of cataracts, typically beginning after age 40 and progressing with age.
• Genetics: A family history of cataracts can increase the likelihood of developing them.
• Eye Injury: Trauma or injury to the eye can lead to cataract formation.
• Medical Conditions: Diabetes and other systemic conditions can contribute to cataract development.
• Medications: Long-term use of corticosteroids or other medications may increase the risk of cataracts.
• Exposure to UV Light: Prolonged exposure to sunlight without proper eye protection can contribute to cataract formation.

Diagnosis of Cataracts

A comprehensive eye examination is necessary to diagnose cataracts. During the exam, our eye care professionals will:

• Perform a Visual Acuity Test: Evaluate how well you can see at different distances using an eye chart.
• Conduct a Slit-Lamp Examination: Use a specialized microscope to examine the structures of your eye, including the lens.
• Measure Lens Opacity: Assess the degree of cloudiness in the lens using various diagnostic tools.
• Evaluate Eye Health: Check for other eye conditions that may affect your vision.

Treatment Options for Cataracts

• Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses:

  • In the early stages of cataracts, changes in prescription glasses or contact lenses may help manage symptoms and improve vision. However, this is usually a temporary solution as cataracts progress.

• Surgical Intervention:

  • Cataract Surgery: The most effective and common treatment for cataracts is surgery. During the procedure, the cloudy lens is removed and replaced with a clear, artificial lens called an intraocular lens (IOL). Cataract surgery is typically performed on an outpatient basis and is highly effective in restoring vision.
    • Phacoemulsification: A modern technique where the cataract is fragmented and removed using ultrasound, and a new lens is inserted through a small incision.
    • Extracapsular Cataract Extraction: A traditional method involving a larger incision to remove the cataract and lens.

• Preoperative and Postoperative Care:

  • Preoperative Care: Includes thorough eye examinations and discussions about the best type of IOL for your needs.
  • Postoperative Care: Involves follow-up visits to ensure proper healing, use of prescribed eye drops, and guidance on activity restrictions to promote recovery.