Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis occurs when the conjunctiva becomes inflamed due to an infection, allergic reaction, or irritant. The inflammation can cause the blood vessels in the conjunctiva to become more visible, leading to the characteristic redness of the eye. Conjunctivitis can affect one or both eyes and can vary in severity from mild irritation to severe inflammation.

Types of Conjunctivitis

• Viral Conjunctivitis:

  • Caused by viruses, often associated with the common cold. It is highly contagious and usually resolves on its own within a week or two. Symptoms may include watery discharge, redness, and irritation.

• Bacterial Conjunctivitis:

  • Caused by bacterial infections, this type can be more serious than viral conjunctivitis and may require antibiotic treatment. It often produces a thick, yellow-green discharge and may cause the eyelids to stick together, especially in the morning.

• Allergic Conjunctivitis:

  • Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander. This type is not contagious and is characterized by itching, redness, and tearing. It often occurs in conjunction with other allergy symptoms like sneezing and a runny nose.

• Chemical Conjunctivitis:

  • Caused by exposure to irritants such as smoke, chlorine, or certain chemicals. Symptoms can include redness, tearing, and a burning sensation. Immediate flushing of the eyes with water is recommended in cases of chemical exposure.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

The symptoms of conjunctivitis can vary depending on the type and cause. Common symptoms include:

• Redness: In one or both eyes, often with visible blood vessels.
• Itching or Burning: A persistent sensation that can be uncomfortable.
• Discharge: Watery, thick, or pus-like discharge from the eye. The type of discharge can help determine the cause.
• Gritty Feeling: A sensation of something being in the eye.
• Swollen Eyelids: Puffiness around the eyes.
• Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to light or glare.
• Tearing: Excessive tearing, particularly in allergic or viral conjunctivitis.

Causes and Risk Factors

The causes of conjunctivitis vary based on the type:

• Viral and Bacterial: Caused by infections, these types are highly contagious and can spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person or surface.
• Allergic: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, mold, animal dander, or certain medications.
• Chemical and Irritants: Exposure to chemicals, pollutants, or irritants like smoke or fumes.