Dry Eye Syndrome

Dry Eye Syndrome, also known as dry eye disease or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or produce poor-quality tears. Tears are essential for maintaining the health of the front surface of the eye and providing clear vision. They lubricate, protect against infection, and wash away foreign particles. When tear production is insufficient or imbalanced, it can lead to irritation, inflammation, and even damage to the eye’s surface.

Causes of Dry Eye Syndrome

Several factors can contribute to the development of Dry Eye Syndrome, including:

• Age: Tear production tends to decrease with age, making dry eye more common in older adults.
• Medical Conditions: Certain diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and thyroid disorders can increase the risk of dry eye.
• Medications: Some medications, such as antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications, can reduce tear production.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to wind, smoke, dry climates, or prolonged use of air conditioning or heating can exacerbate dry eye symptoms.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes, particularly in women during menopause, pregnancy, or using birth control pills, can affect tear production.
• Digital Screen Use: Staring at computer screens, smartphones, or tablets for extended periods can reduce blinking, leading to increased tear evaporation.
• Contact Lens Use: Wearing contact lenses can contribute to dry eye by affecting the tear film’s stability.

Symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome

The symptoms of Dry Eye Syndrome can range from mild to severe and may include:

• Dryness and Irritation: A sensation of dryness, grittiness, or irritation in the eyes.
• Redness: The white part of the eye may appear red or inflamed.
• Burning Sensation: A stinging or burning feeling in the eyes.
• Excessive Tearing: Paradoxically, dry eyes can trigger reflex tearing as the eye attempts to compensate for dryness.
• Blurry Vision: Fluctuations in vision clarity, especially with prolonged visual tasks.
• Sensitivity to Light: Increased sensitivity to bright lights.
• Difficulty Wearing Contact Lenses: Discomfort or intolerance to contact lenses.